Every particle in this universe attracts every other particle with a force that is proportional to the product of these masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Thus, F = Gm₁m₂/r², where and are the gravitational masses of the particles, r is the separation between them and G is Universal Gravitational Constant. Magnitude (and unit) of G: 6.67×10 ˉ¹¹ Newton. m²/kg². Dimension of G: M ˉ¹L³T ˉ²
Points to be noted about Gravitational Force:
- Gravitational force is always attractive in nature and directed along the line joining the particles.
- It holds good for long distances like interplanetary distances and also for short distances like inter atomic distances.
- It is a conservative force .Therefore, the work done by the gravitational force on a particle does not depend on the path described by the particle. It depends upon the initial and final position of the particle.
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